About 12 percent of people with lymphoma have Hodgkin lymphoma. Because of breakthrough research , this once fatal diagnosis has been transformed into a curable condition.
Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas are B-cell lymphomas, and either grow quickly high-grade or slowly low-grade. There are over a dozen types of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The rest are T-cell lymphomas, named after a different cancerous white blood cell, or lymphocyte. Many lymphoma patients are able to lead active lives as they receive treatment for their symptoms and are monitored by their doctors. The exact causes of lymphoma remain unknown; however, the following factors increase your risk of developing the disease:.
Your doctor will perform a lymph node biopsy to diagnose lymphoma. Additional tests are then conducted to determine the stage extent of the lymphoma including blood tests, bone marrow biopsies, and imaging tests, such as a CT scan or PET scan. Imaging tests show whether the lymphoma has spread to other parts of your body, like the spleen and lungs. Decisions about treatment are then determined by your doctor, who will consider your age, general health, and stage and type of lymphoma.
Chronic leukemia develops more slowly, while acute cancers start suddenly and develop rapidly. Leukemia can affect children and adults, depending on the type. Lymphoma starts in the immune system and affects the lymph nodes and lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell.
The two main types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. The two main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. They affect different types of white blood cells. Under a microscope, cells known as Reed-Sternberg cells will be visible if a person has Hodgkin lymphoma. A person with non-Hodgkin lymphoma will not have these cells in their blood.
Hodgkin lymphoma usually occurs in young adults, but the risk increases again after the age of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a common cancer in children, teens, and young adults, but over half of all cases are in people aged over This type develops slowly.
People often find out they have it before symptoms appear, for example, during a routine blood test. Possible symptoms include :.
Lymph nodes are all connected to each other. Enlarged lymph nodes are a key symptom of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The extent will depend on the stage of the disease, but it tends to spread out from around the diaphragm, the muscle just below the ribs that expands and contracts when a person breathes. Symptoms include:. Leukemia and lymphoma are cancers that affect the blood cells. Different types impact the body in different ways. However, they have some common features. In leukemia, cancer develops in the bone marrow, causing it to produce too many white blood cells.
The cells keep dividing and eventually outnumber healthy blood cells. It mostly affects white blood cells, which play a key role in the immune system. In lymphoma, cancer develops in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. Leukemia comes in many forms, but the key diagnosis is determined by whether the disease is acute or chronic. Acute leukemias are fast-growing and may require aggressive treatments.
Lymphomas: These diseases affect the cells in the lymphatic system. In lymphomas , immune cells called lymphocytes grow out of control and collect in lymph nodes , the spleen, in other lymph tissues or in neighboring organs. There are dozens of types of lymphoma, but the disease is largely categorized as Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Immunotherapy may be used to treat some cases of Hodgkin lymphoma. Other lymphoma treatments include chemotherapy and surgery to remove affected lymph nodes. Patients with blood cancers often have symptoms common to all three forms of the disease: weakness and fatigue, bone pain, infections, fevers and weight loss. And some leukemias and lymphomas are so similar, they may be considered the same disease, but are named depending on whether they are found in the blood or in the lymph system.
For instance, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma affect the same kind of cells—small lymphocytes—and are often considered different versions of the same disease. A definitive diagnosis may require a bone marrow biopsy or a procedure called flow cytometry, in which cancerous cells are analyzed with a laser.
Topolsky says its critical to accurately diagnose not only the type of blood cancer , but which of the many sub-types the patient may have.
Topolsky says. So the most important thing is to have a clear understanding of your specific disease.
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