Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography MRCP : This is a non-invasive way to look at the pancreatic and bile ducts using the same type of machine used for standard MRI scans. Unlike ERCP, it does not require an infusion of a contrast dye. Because this test is non-invasive, doctors often use MRCP if the purpose is just to look at the pancreatic and bile ducts. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTC : In this procedure, the doctor puts a thin, hollow needle through the skin of the belly and into a bile duct within the liver.
A contrast dye is then injected through the needle, and x-rays are taken as it passes through the bile and pancreatic ducts. As with ERCP, this approach can also be used to take fluid or tissue samples or to place a stent into a duct to help keep it open. For a PET scan , you are injected with a slightly radioactive form of sugar, which collects mainly in cancer cells. A special camera is then used to create a picture of areas of radioactivity in the body. This lets the doctor compare areas of higher radioactivity on the PET scan with the more detailed appearance of that area on the CT scan.
This test can help determine the stage extent of the cancer. This is an x-ray test that looks at blood vessels. A small amount of contrast dye is injected into an artery to outline the blood vessels, and then x-rays are taken. An angiogram can show if blood flow in a particular area is blocked by a tumor. It can also show abnormal blood vessels feeding the cancer in the area.
This test can be useful in finding out if a pancreatic cancer has grown through the walls of certain blood vessels. Mainly, it helps surgeons decide if the cancer can be removed completely without damaging vital blood vessels, and it can also help them plan the operation. X-ray angiography can be uncomfortable because the doctor has to put a small catheter into the artery leading to the pancreas. Usually the catheter is put into an artery in your inner thigh and threaded up to the pancreas.
A local anesthetic is often used to numb the area before inserting the catheter. Once the catheter is in place, the dye is injected to outline all the vessels while the x-rays are being taken. These techniques are now used more often because they can give the same information without the need for a catheter in the artery.
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This information helps your doctor work out the best treatment for you. It can take time to come to terms with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. You and your family should be given information and support to help you deal with your diagnosis and the emotional impact of pancreatic cancer.
If you have recently been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, find out more about what your diagnosis means. You can also speak to our specialist nurses on our free Support Line about the tests you are having or your diagnosis. Email us at publications pancreaticcancer. We would like to thank the following people who reviewed our information on how pancreatic cancer is diagnosed:.
How is pancreatic cancer diagnosed? Endoscopic ultrasound EUS uses an endoscope to insert an ultrasound probe adjacent to the pancreas to obtain detailed images. During the procedure, your doctor can view the digestive tract wall, as well as nearby lymph nodes, organs and blood vessels.
If a tumor is present in the pancreas, it should be visible on an EUS. Tissue or fluid samples may be taken during this time if a biopsy is needed.
A biopsy is the only way to confirm a pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI uses radio waves and magnets to produce detailed images of the pancreas and bile ducts. Although CT scans are usually the preferred method of viewing the pancreas, sometimes an MRI may be done to help your doctor determine whether further testing is warranted. Cholangiopancreatography refers to imaging tests that show the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts.
These tests may also be used to establish a plan for surgery. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP creates images using a scope inserted into the throat. A dye is injected to make the ducts visible, and the doctor will be able to view the ampulla of Vater, the area where the bile duct releases into your small intestine. Any blockages or narrowing of the bile ducts, possibly caused by pancreatic cancer, may be seen via X-ray images taken during the procedure.
At this time, a small brush may be inserted through the endoscope to collect a biopsy of cells. If a bile duct or pancreatic duct is constricted by a tumor, a stent may be placed inside to keep it open. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTC involves the placement of a thin and hollow needle into the liver. A contrast dye is injected into the organ, and X-rays of the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts are taken.
Fluid or tissue samples can be collected if a biopsy is needed, and a stent can be placed inside a blocked duct in order to keep it open. Biopsy A biopsy tests suspicious tissue for signs of cancer and is an important part of the diagnostic process.
Molecular testing Molecular testing is a more sophisticated analysis of tissue and cell samples, looking for specific gene mutations or proteins that may help direct treatment. Pancreatic cancer stages Reviewing your test results enables your care team to put together a more complete picture of your condition, including the stage of the cancer and treatment options.
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